In 2023– 2024 sodium-ion batteries were crowned the undisputed future: cheaper than lithium, made from table salt, no cobalt, no supply drama. CATL promised mass production, carmakers paraded models, investors tossed billions. Everyone stated lithium dead.
Fast-forward to late 2025 and the dream remains in tatters. Lithium costs crashed below $10,000/ ton, brand-new mines flooded the marketplace, LFP loads struck $50– 60/kWh. Sodium cells? Still $70– 90 and stuck at 150– 175 Wh/kg– 30– 40 % less range, heavier packs, usual automobiles now feel like boats. Factories postponed, Western startups insolvent (Natron gone, others folded), the only genuine deliveries are low-speed micro-EVs no one desires and grid boxes nobody notices. The physics never lied: larger, heavier salt ions simply can't match lithium's energy density, and every "development" heading is still a laboratory toy, not a product.
The transformation wasn't cancelled– it never began. Salt will live in stationary storage, however for anything that moves, lithium won. The most pricey lesson in battery history: abundance is ineffective when the atoms themselves refuse to comply
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